Downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor enhances chemosensitivity by induction of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], one of the most common cancers worldwide, is resistant to anticancer drugs. Angiogenesis is a major cause of tumor resistance to chemotherapy, and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] is a key regulator of angiogenesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of small-interfering RNA targeting VEGF gene [VEGF-siRNA] on chemosensitivity of HCC cells in vitro. In this experimental study, transfection was performed on Hep3B cells. After transfection with siRNAs, VEGF mRNA and protein levels were examined. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and anti-apoptotic gene expression were also analyzed after treatment with VEGF-siRNA in combination with doxorubicin in Hep3B cells. Transfection of VEGF-siRNA into Hep3B cells significantly reduced the expression of VEGF at both mRNA and protein levels. Combination therapy with VEGF-siRNA and doxorubicin more effectively suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis than the respective monotherapies. This could be explained by the significant downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 [BCL-2] and SURVIVIN. VEGF-siRNA enhanced the chemosensitivity of doxorubicin in Hep3B cells at least in part by suppressing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Therefore, the downregulation of VEGF by siRNA combined with doxorubicin treatment has been shown to yield promising results for eradicating HCC cells

Oral vaccine produced from transgenic plants

An important feature of immune system in general and gastrointestinal immune system in particular is the mobility of member cells. In DNA recombination technique, bacteria like E. coli are often used to make recombination protein including vaccine . The advantage of the bacteria is manipulating easily with their gene. There are two major methods to transfer gene in plants. One is based on Agrobacterium tumefactions, a bacterium that naturally live in the soil, which is able to transfer a number of DNA including one of its plasmids to plant cells to integrate into the plant's genome at cell nucleus. The other is transformation by Agrobacterium which is more common used to make vaccine transgenic plants

Kidney donor exchange - an efficacious solution to the lack of transplant organs

Currently world wide, the majority of kidney transplantations is realized with living donor, not using cadaver. In the past, in majority of cases, the donor and the recipient are familiar relatives, assuring immune compatibility. But at present basing on the new advances in antirejection measures, this technique can be applied in any pairs without blood relations. The detection of these pairs is very difficult but could be realized completely. The cases of exchange between uncomfortable pairs could give satisfied results

The value of code conversion of human genome in medicine

The Human Genome Project is an international cooperative project that launched in 1990 and completely finished in April 14, 2003. The discovery of pathogenic genes is promising that light up the pathogenesis of many diseases in human. In the future, the understanding of these genes is helpful for patients and physicians, but the first advantages are in diagnosis and prognosis. It’s hoped to bring about new more effective therapies tailored for each patient according to his genome in the next 5 years

Immune support from mother to infant

The child needs time to develop his own immune system and to have specific immune responds. Thus the child needs his mother's support to have immediate protection against bacteria from mother's gastrointestinal tract that infected the baby and have longer protection during his development of immune system. This immune supporting of mother for her baby was conducted thru placenta and breast milk. The immune supporting thru breast milk was directly and indirectly by indirect transmitting of resistance for baby thru breast milk, direct stimulating of baby immune system, and preventing some immune diseases